Glossary

A one seeded, dry fruit that doesn’t split open

One seeded, dry fruits that don’t split open

Soil with a pH of 8.5 or higher, containing high levels of soluble salts

Produces chemicals that impact the growth, survival, and reproduction of other plants

Not originating from opposite sides; occurring singly at the nodes

Specialized ecosystem with thin or no soil covering a limestone base, supporting a unique natural community

Specialized ecosystems with thin or no soil covering a limestone base, supporting unique natural communities

A plant that lives for only one year

The pollen sac of a stamen

The pollen sacs of stamens

A narrow, bristle-like appendage

Narrow, bristle-like appendages

The area where a leaf stalk meets the stem

The upper, largest petal of Legume (Fabaceae) flowers

The upper, largest petal of Legume (Fabaceae) flowers

Leaves growing from the lowest part of the stem

Fleshy fruits with numerous seeds

A fleshy fruit with numerous seeds

A plant that lives for two years

The expanded parts of leaves

A small leaf or scale that occurs immediately below a flower

Small leaves or scales that occur immediately below a flower

An undeveloped shoot or flower covered by one or more scales

Underdeveloped shoots or flowers covered by one or more scales

A modified underground bud covered with layers of thick, fleshy scales containing food reserves

Modified underground buds covered with layers of thick, fleshy scales containing food reserves

Soil rich in calcium (lime)

Collectively, the sepals of a flower

A dry fruit with multiple seeds, splitting along several cracks

Dry fruits with multiple seeds, splitting along several cracks

A leaf that is divided into two or more leaflets

With rounded teeth

Plants that are grown by humans for food, fibre or fuel.

A plant that loses all of its leaves at the end of a growing season

With teeth pointing and directed outward

A small tubular flower in the centre of an Aster (Asteraceae) flower head

Small tubular flowers in the centre of an Aster (Asteraceae) flower head

Small tubular flowers in the centre of an Aster (Asteraceae) flower head

Inactive; growth and development are stopped

A fleshy fruit with a single, hard seed inside

Fleshy fruits with a single, hard seed inside

Having a margin not toothed or cleft

A plant that loses leaves throughout the year, not all at once

Capable of bearing seeds or pollen

The stalk of a stamen below the anther

The seed-containing structure of a plant

The seed-containing structures of a plant

An abnormal growth caused by insects or disease

To emerge from seeds and begin growth

Lacking hairs, glands, scales, wax and/or powder

Bearing nectar or oil-producing glands

A specialized root-like organ

A dense cluster of flowers (or fruits) on a receptacle in the Aster Family (Asteraceae)

Dense clusters of flowers (or fruits) on receptacles in the Aster Family (Asteraceae)

A plant that obtains some nourishment from its host and also photosynthesizes.

A plant lacking woody above-ground parts whose stems die back to the ground each year

A berry-like enlarged tube containing many achenes

In Asclepias (Milkweed) flowers, a tapering projection resembling a cow’s horn

A plant providing nourishment to a parasite

Plants providing nourishment to a parasite

A plant with parents from different varieties, subspecies, species, or genera

Creation of hybrid offspring between plants from different varieties, subspecies, species, or genera

That portion of the stem in between the leaves

The two lower united petals of Legume (Fabaceae) flowers

The two lower united petals of Legume (Fabaceae) flowers

Lance-shaped

The area where a leaf stalk meets the stem

The areas where leaf stalks meet the stem

A single division of a compound leaf

Single divisions of a compound leaf

A dry pod that splits open along one crack

Long and narrow with parallel margins

Loose-textured soil containing a mixture of sand, silt, clay, and organic matter

A rounded division

Rounded divisions

The edge of a structure such as a leaf

A sugary, sticky fluid secreted by many plants

Lines or spots on a flower directing pollinators to the nectaries

Lines or spots on a flower directing pollinators to the nectaries

Elongated narrow spike containing nectar

Elongated narrow spikes containing nectar

Elongated narrow spikes containing nectar

Tissues or organs that produce nectar

The place on a stem where the leaves grow or normally arise

The places on a stem where the leaves grow or normally arise

A single seeded fruit with a hard, woody coat

A small nut

Small nuts

Single seeded fruits with a hard, woody coat

Longer than broad, having the sides nearly parallel for most of the length

Structures grow directly across from each other

Portion of the pistil that contains the egg; becomes a fruit after fertilization

Palm-like, with all parts originating from the same point

Palm-like, with all parts originating from the same point

A plant that lives for three or more years

A structures that is part of the inner flower ring; usually coloured

Structures which are part of the inner flower ring; usually coloured

Stalk of a leaf

The female part of the flower; composed of an ovary, style and stigma

Any dry fruit that splits open to release seeds

Any dry fruits that split open to release seeds

Dust-like grains containing male reproductive cells released from anthers that fertilize female flowers

A flattened, strap-shaped flower of an Aster (Asteraceae) flower head

Flattened, strap-shaped flowers of an Aster (Asteraceae) flower head

Flattened, strap-shaped flowers of an Aster (Asteraceae) flower head

The expanded end of a stem, bearing flower parts (florets in Asteraceae)

Underground, horizontal, root-like stems

With the leaf edges rolled under, like a scroll

A thin, flat structure

A plant whose stigmas accept pollen from anthers of the same flower, or from other flowers on the same plant

Transfer of pollen from the anthers to the stigma of the same flower, or of another flower on the same plant

Plants that grow naturally each year from their own seeds

The process of aging and death in a plant or plant part (e.g. leaf)

Structure that is part of the outer floral ring; usually greenish

Structures which are part of the outer floral ring; usually greenish

Having sharp teeth pointing forward

Without a stalk

Earthy material of very fine particles, between sand and clay in size.

Soil containing a large proportion (at least 80%) of silt

A leaf not divided into leaflets

In Cypripedium (Lady’s Slipper) flowers, a petal modified to form a pouch

An elongated inflorescence with sessile flowers

A pointy modified leaf or portion of a leaf

The supporting structure of an organ, usually narrower than the organ

An organ that has a supporting structure (stalk) present

The supporting structures of organs, usually narrower than the organs

The pollen-bearing organ of a flower consisting of an anther (pollen sac) and a filament (stalk)

A plant’s central supporting structure bearing nodes, branches, leaves, flowers, and fruit; usually aboveground

Leaves that occur along the length of a plant’s stem

A plant’s central supporting structures bearing nodes, branches, leaves, flowers, and fruit; usually aboveground

Incapable of bearing seeds or pollen

The summit of the style, receives pollen

Summits of the styles, receive pollen

Middle part of a pistil; it connects the ovary to the stigma

Middle parts of the pistils; they connect the ovaries to the stigmas

A main root growing downward from the stem and giving off smaller lateral roots

A slender outgrowth used by plants to attach themselves to structures

Slender outgrowths used by plants to attach themselves to structures

Flower structure that cannot be differentiated into sepal or petal

Flower structures that cannot be differentiated into sepals or petals

With small lobes or points

A small shoot or branch

Small shoots or branches

A vascular bundle (conductive tissue) on a leaf that is usually visible

Vascular bundles (conductive tissue) on leaves that are usually visible

A ring-like arrangement of similar parts arising from a common point

A plant with more than two leaves per node

Any membranous expansion

The two side petals of Legume (Fabaceae) flowers

Any membranous expansions